Sex: | Male |
Birthyear: | 1929 |
Age at Interview: | 81 |
Education: | Junior Secondary |
Occupation: | Factory Foreman |
Theme: | Industry |
Title | Family and education background. Moving to Hong Kong and working as a factory apprentice after the war |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 7m50s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-001 |
Title | Joining Hing Wah Battery Factoy which was run by Shunde natives |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 3m46s |
Language | 廣東話 |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-002 |
Title | Expansion of Hing Wah Battery Factory in the early post-war years |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 2m53s |
Language | 廣東話 |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-003 |
Title | Accommodation and catering of Hing Wah Batter Factory workers |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 3m15s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-004 |
Title | Raw Materials and production process of a battery cell (1) |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 3m37s |
Language | 廣東話 |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-005 |
Title | Raw Materials and production process of a battery cell (2) |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 8m45s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-006 |
When Lo Lei Wo first joined Hing Wah Factory, he apprenticed at Zinc Shell Department and learned soldering battery shells. The processing of shell case included cutting and rolling zinc chips, and heating and soldering tin so as to paste them together. An apprentice had to learn 4 work steps: rolling zinc chips, fixing cell bottom, soldering the cell body and soldering the circular bottom.. In the production process, apprentices would first roll zinc into cylindrical shape, and a senior staff would solder the battery into a tube. The circular tube would then be embedded into the bottom of the battery (soldering the circular tube would require more sophisticated skills, and was done by the senior). Then electric paste and powder would be injected into the battery cylinder, which was sealed into the final product.
All apprentices were required to remain at their positions for 3 years. Apart from working as a trainee, they had to take care of the daily living of their masters. The apprenticeship for carpentry and the bricklaying also lasted for 3 years in the old days. In the first half of the apprenticeship, the apprentices usually worked as handymen and they were provided for by the factory or their respective mentors. In the second half of the apprenticeship, the apprentices had to commit themselves to working for profits. Apprentices would waste the expensive ferrochrome in the work process as they were not sufficiently skillful. Usually they were required to work for 1 to 2 years more to recover the cost of raw material wastage during apprenticeship. Since Hing Wah Factory was more established, better employee benefits were provided. Apprentices were not obliged to work for 3 whole years. Both apprentices and masters were hired by the proprietor and were employees of the factory.
Lo Lei Wu was required to sit for probation for 3 months upon his arrival at a monthly salary of 24 dollars, which was raised to 42 dollars upon passage of probation. Zinc Shell Department had two masters and over ten apprentices of over 10 years old. Lo Lei Wo had apprenticed for 2 to 3 years at the Zinc Shell Department to familiarize himself with the zinc shell production processes. Hing Wah Factory later saw a lack of workspace, and outsourced the battery shell production to other cottage factories. In 1955, Hing Wah Factory introduced the bullet case casting machines and adapted them for manufacturing battery shells. The welding process was then gradually eliminated and so was the outsourcing arrangement.
Title | Apprenticing in Zinc Shell Department of Hing Wah to make shell case. Apprenticeship and employee benefits in Hing Wah |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 9m31s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-007 |
After Lo Lei Wo had completed the apprenticeship at Hing Wah Battery Zinc Department, he was transferred to the Sales Department and was arranged to deliver products to the customers. He was then posted to the laboratory, doing chemical analysis for raw materials and products. Raw materials such as manganese dioxide and graphite powder were first being analysed at the laboratory. These raw materials were tested against any impurities inside and were assessed whether they were appropriate for battery production. Orders for more materials would be made after the analysis. Upon the arrival of the raw materials, further tests would be carried out for sampling analysis. Resistance discharge method was used to examine the durability of the newly made product. Products of average quality were sent for local sales. Products of excellent quality were exported to the markets in South East Asia. Lo Lei Wo was very excited about his new job in the laboratory.
He supplemented the procedure of battery production: since manganese dioxide is an erosive chemical, it should not be put in direct contact with zinc pieces unless an electric paste was added to act as a binding agent. The main components of the paste were ammonia and zinc chloride. Ammonia and zinc chloride were firstly dissolved into water, and the solution was added with starch and heated into a paste.
The person in charge of Hing Wah's laboratory was Master Yeung, who had completed high school, He was hardworking and had great interest in reading chemistry books. Lo did not understand chemistry much. He had to rely on Master Yeung and self studies to learn chemistry. After his children grew up, he went to study English, Mathematics and Chemistry in the evening school. However, Lo's knowledge was confined to the raw materials for battery production and he did not have a solid foundation in chemistry. Hing Wah Factory produced “Five Rams” branded battery which had a strong market share in Southeast Asia. The local Hong Kong market was evenly shared by Hing Wah and Kai It, both of which were factories established in Hong Kong before the War. Kai It produced Bright Night branded battery with its factory situated at Muk Cheong Street, To Kwa Wan. The proprietor of the factory was Mr. Hui, who was a native of Chaozhao.
Title | Transferring to laboratory analyzing raw material and products of battery. Markets and competitors of Hing Wah |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 7m39s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-008 |
Title | Expansion of Hing Wah Battery Factory in Southeast Asia: founding new plant and feeding technology |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 5m |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-009 |
In 1960, Lo Lei Wo was posted to Saigon, Vietnam by Hing Wah Battery to provide technical assistance to the local battery plant. Hing Wah sent 3 staff members to Vietnam. 2 male staff members were in charge of machineries and productions and the female staff member supervised the production flow. Lo Lei Wo was selected out of over a thousand staff, which he was very proud of. He enjoyed a big farewell party held by Hing Wah before he made this trip. Lo Lei Wo signed a contract with Hing Wah at the Labour Department before departure. It was agreed that if Lo Lei Wo fell ill in Vietnam, all the medical expenses would be borne by Hing Wah in Hong Kong. Lo was married before going to Vietnam. He had 3 children but his family did not go to Vietnam with him. Lo Lei Wo received double salary for working in Vietnam. The battery factory in Saigon, Vietnam was monitored by the local staff, who were not so keen on production. They had beers at work as the business of the Vietnam factory was relatively slack. The local battery products were relatively less durable, and were all sold locally. Hing Wah protected sensitive technology information from being disclosed to the Vietnam factory: the components of Hong Kong and Vietnam made battery were just 80% identical.
In the early 1960s, at the time when Ngo Dinh Diem took political control of South Vietnam, Ng banned the Chinese from going into trade in iron, garment and other necessities. The local Chinese were generally engaged in small scale trade. These Chinese in Vietnam were organised into various committees and associations by their origins. More Chinese were from Sanshui and Shunde whilst Hakka and Chao Zhao natives were of considerable numbers. Between 1960 and 1963, political instability arose and guerrilla wars sometimes broke out. The Chinese in Saigon were very aware of their national identity and were more identified with the Nationalist Party. They were keenly concerned about the new situations in mainland China after 1949, and so kept in close contact with people of Hing Wah Factory. Thus, the Hing Wah staff had little worry about staying in Vietnam and enjoyed being taken care of by the Chinese there.
Title | Being posted to South Vietnam to provide technical assistance to local battery industry. Chinese community in 1960s South Vietnam |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 11m51s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-010 |
During the 1960s, the Communists had become more powerful in Malaysia. Labour protests were prevalent. There was one strike joined by 8 banks at the same time. The management of Petaling factory imposed salary penalty on staff who were late without good reason. Strike at work happened every 2 or 3 weeks because of the penalty and staff just walked away from work during working hours. Thus, electric pastes were wasted and the company suffered tremendous losses. The strikes were led by Chinese workers who were members of the electrical unionand chemical union. In face of the domineering status of the local workers, the factory could no longer bear the torments, the Petaling factory was sold to the Everready Battery Factory from Singapore. Lo Lei Wo returned to Hong Kong’s Hing Wah.
Title | Being posted to Malaysia branch factory handling technical and personnel issues |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 9m56s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-011 |
Title | Recollections of tenement housing experience in Mong Kok in the 1950s |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 5m50s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-012 |
In the mid 1960s, university graduates from Taiwan were hired at the laboratory to do chemical analysis. The raw materials were at first imported from China, such as Guangxi, which was rich in manganese dioxide. The raw materials imported from the mainland were all natural materials. Hing Wah later imported raw materials from Japan because they had been electrolysed for higher purity and quality. It helped reduce the stress on experimental analysis. Hing Wah initially produced the most primitive battery (Primary cello). Then, alkaline battery was developed. Nowadays, there are lithium or potassium batteries in the market. There were no fundamental change in the production process and products in Hing Wah between 1946 and 1973. In 1973, Lo Lei Wo left Hing Wah Factory and started a new plant manufacturing screws for radios.
Title | His career development in Hing Wah Battery Factory: from apprentice, laboratory technician to foreman |
Date | 16/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 8m9s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-013 |
During the 1970s, Hing Wah Battery Factory was taken over by the second generation of the Poon's. Due to the power struggles and quarrels among the Poon's brothers, Lo Lei Wo did not think his career prospect in Hing Wah would be good. He decided to start up his own business and left Hing Wah in 1973. He joined a cottage factory run by his nephew and produced screws to be used in radios. The new plant was located at Hing Yip Street, Kwun Tong. The location was recommended by the machinery agents. The cottage factory had more than 10 automatic lathes imported from Japan. They were easy to use and did not require technical competence. The radio factories in Hong Kong were mainly responsible for assembly whilst the accessories were either supplied by local factories or imported from Germany and Japan. Lo Lei Wo started the business with a capital of over 200,000 dollars in addition to a bank loan. In general, factories of smaller capabilities would request loans from local Chinese banks, such as Dao Hang, Yin Yae and Liu Chong Hing Banks. Lo Lei Wo knew nothing about radio factory at the beginning. He placed advertisements about his factory on the newspapers to invite sales orders. He also obtained referrals from his friends in the industry. The radio factory had a great start, enjoying growing prosperity in the business. Competition within the trade was not keen. There were regular tea gatherings among the mechanics of the trade to exchange information.
Owners of cottage factories did not join any association or union. Lo Lei Wo thought he was a small entrepreneur. In the end of 1974, the world oil crisis badly impacted the export of the locally manufactured radios. Lots of cottage radio factories in Kwun Tong were closed down. The purchase orders for Lo's factory also shrank, and they were unable to collect the payments in arrears from the other cottage factories. What's more, prices of raw materials from Japan increased, with that of copper rods rising from 700 to 1500 dollars per bucket. Lo Lei Wo 's business deteriorated and he closed the factory in the end of 1974. The screw factory lasted for almost a year. Lo Lei Wo focused himself in the actual production of the factory. He had little knowledge of the general economic trend of the larger society. He finally understood that there were economic recessions in Hong Kong and overseas. After Lo Lei Wei closed the screw factory, he was referred by a friend to work in Paraguay for a monthly salary of US$1000.
Title | Leaving Hing Wah and running his own factory producing radio’s screws |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 16m5s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-014 |
Paraguay was a small country in South America. The industrial development was relatively slow. The son-in-law of the President intended to develop the battery industry. He sought assistance from the local Chinese Embassy. The ambassador had a good relationship with the son-in-law of the President and advised him to seek technological support from Yong Gu Battery Factory. Yong Gu Factory recruited talents from Hong Kong and noted that Lo Lei Wo had worked for Hing Wah Battery Factory, which was a reputed factory in the industry. Lo was immediately employed and assigned to Paraguay. He was in charge of the production at the Pilas Paraguayas SA in Paraguay, and he taught the locals the skills of production. Lo was gifted in languages and he managed to use Spanish to ask about directions on the road and make counter offer within 3 weeks. After Lo had worked in Paraguay for one year, he want to leave Paraguay as the share market in Hong Kong recovered and he also missed his family. The son-in-law of the President had tried to retain him, but he rejected the offer and returned to Hong Kong.
Yung Gu Factory seconded 8 Chinese staff to Paraguay, 4 from Hong Kong (3 previously employed by Hing Wah Factory) and 4 from Taiwan (permanent staff). 4 staff returned to their home country after 1 year. Lo Lei Wo believed that the battery technology of Hong Kong was better than that in Taiwan. Taiwan batteries were mainly sold in the domestic market while Hong Kong's battery were marketed internationally. Tp catch up with the international standards, local battery factories in Hong Kong had tried to learn from overseas professional publications and studied the formulae of foreign products from dissecting their batteries. Hing Wah In the early period, local Hong Kong factories did not do chemical analysis themselvesbut sent the materials to the laboratory at the University of Hong Kong for chemical examination.
Title | Being sent to Paraguay developing the local battery industry |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 8m47s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-015 |
In 1980, the government recovered Heung Fan Liu Lot and planned to build Mei Lam Estate. National Battery Factory was forced to move. Later with the assistance of an importer/exporter who did property businesses exclusively on Portuguese territories, Lo Lei Wo and his partners moved International Battery Factory to Macau. Their products were exported to Portuguese territories to enjoy free import duties. International Factory lasted for a few years in Macau, and had hired up to 300 people at maximum. Subsequently the import duty concessions were cancelled. The free trade of battery made in china were exported in large quantities into the Portuguese territories, which had intense competition of battery markets globally. As the business had contracted drastically, Lo Lei Wo returned to Hong Kong in 1983/84. He passed on the factory operations to the importer/exporter, and the International Battery Factory as well as its equipment were finally sold to a battery factory in Guangzhou.
Title | Founding and running National Battery Factory with his former workmates from Hing Wah |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 9m21s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-016 |
Lo Lei Wo stressed the importance of having social connections for setting up factories in Mainland. The referee of the Hua Shan Factory was the Party Secretary of Shiwan District. Therefore, problems of water and power supply and even pollution control were smoothed out. Since manpower in the mainland was plentiful and workers were too used to the old collective mentality, they were not working as hard as expected. Law Chun Hong, the major partner, passed away, which brought about many operational problems. Lo Lei Wo resigned from the business in 1990 for retirement. As there were no improvements in technology, Hua Shan failed to compete with the industry peers and terminated its operation. Hua Shan Battery used the same product formula of Hing Wah Battery, but in fact the masters from Hong Kong did not reveal the whole production technology to the workers. The proprietor of Hing Wah Battery, Mr. Poon, felt uncomfortable about disclosing the formula of battery production to the mainland. Poon did not encourage Lo Lei Wo to start up his own businesses due to the potential exposure of Hing Wah's technology to others. For instance, when Lo worked in Paraguay, Poon asked the seconded staff to remind Lo not to completely disclose the battery technology with the locals. Lo believed that setting up new business could be a great start of an entrepreneurial career. He would have more opportunities of meeting different people and businesses. In contrast, when working in Hing Wah, life was more monotonous and regular as he had to stay in the factory for the whole day.
Title | Founding Hua Shan Battery Factory in his hometown. Difficulties of running a factory in the Mainland |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 13m15s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-017 |
In 1990, after leaving Hua Shan Battery Factory, Lo Lei Wo went on retirement and devoted himself to stocks trading. Looking back to his career in the battery industry over the decades, he felt a strong affection towards Hing Wah Battery Factory, and regarded it his second home. He was on good terms with the owner Poon Chuang Sau, and called Poon as Sam Gor (Brother Three). When Pan failed to dissuade him from leaving the factory and starting his own career, Pan sighed with regret. In 1976, having learned that Lo's business was bad, he asked Lo to go back to Hing Wah. Pan and Lo kept in touch even when they no longer worked together. Lo's career reached its peak in the late 1960s and early 1970s, during which time Hing Wah's business prospered, especially in the USA. Battery orders from the supermarkets there kept coming in. In Hing Wah's hay days, bonuses for staff could reach half a year's salary. This was how Lo earned his capital for business start up. Lo led a decent lifestyle. He never played mahjong or danced at night clubs. He reviewed that after he came to Hong Kong from his native village, he had gone through so much to build his career. He had a family, and everything he did was for his children.
Lo regarded “worker” a better term than 'boss' when describing himself. He recalled that many people believed in a preset destiny, which means everyone was predestined to be a worker or a boss. After Lo's business failed, many pointed out with hind sight that he was born to be a worker, i.e. he made a successful worker but not a business owner. To Lo, the main cause for his failure in his business was his lack of knowledge and understanding about the commercial situation, e.g. he was unable to assess the changes in the Certificate of Origin Ordinance. He took no regret for leaving Hing Wah. He recalled that he could get through the hardship every time he was faced with difficulty. Lo bought properties when financially sound, which laid a good foundation for his children. He was emotionally attached to the battery industry. Starting from scratch after coming to Hong Kong, he worked at junior positions in Hing Wah, and was admired and trained by the boss, and gradually got the reputation of the 'Five Rams Brand Master', and was stationed overseas to manage factories. All this made him proud and soothed him whenever he looked back to his past.
Title | A review of his career in Hing Wah Batter Factory. Preset destiny of being a worker rather than a boss |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 13m54s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-018 |
Hing Wah and Kai It continued with production during the war and expanded their businesses. Hing Wah's factory was in Tai Kok Tsui (relocated to To Kwa Wan in 1951) while Kai It's factory was also in To Kwa Wan. Yong Gu used to run a factory in Shanghai before the World War II and moved the factory from Hong Kong to Taiwan after 1949. During the 1960s, someone surnamed Ding set up Colliers Battery Factory in Sam Ka Tsuen and registered the trademark "HW", an initial identical with Hing Wah. Thus, people always thought the "HW" brand was produced by Hing Wah. Large scale manufacturers in the same period included Gold Peak and Golden Power. Gold Peak at first manufactured 9W batteries to be used in lighters in Hong Kong. It had been temporarily relocated to Taiwan and then back to Hong Kong, in Kwai Chung. The factory produced cascaded batteries. The founder of Golden Power, Mr Chan, was a former employee of Gold Peak. He then started up his business at Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, producing cascaded batteries. He switched to doing electronic business afterwards.
Title | The beginning of Hong Kong batter industry: major factories founded before the war and their products |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 10m8s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-019 |
Lo Lei Wo was the chief engineer of the Production Department at Hing Wah in the 1960s. He mastered the skills in producing cascaded batteries. Large factories had turned semi-automated since 1958, and cottage factories producing accessories such as metal caps and battery cases were phased out gradually. There were no more cottage factories at around 1965. In the 1960s, electric torches were used widely in rural areas for preventing theft, hunting, harvesting and other purposes. Radios and electrical toys became common among Japan and China in the 1960s, leading to consistently rising demands in batteries. Further, the giant American battery factories such as Eveready and Winchester stopped their productions and switched to importing batteries from Hong Kong by means of OEM. The large demand brought about the golden era of the battery industry in Hong Kong. Batteries became more diversified, and alkaline batteries and lithium batteries were developed afterwards.
Title | Product evolution of the local batter industry: from round shaped zinc carbon batteries to cascaded batteries |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 14m44s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-020 |
Further, battery factories were not environmentally friendly. Graphite powder could create serious air pollution and cause pneumoconiosis as well as other occupational diseases. The factories also contained lots of combustible materials such as cardboard and motors. The use of towngas in heating wax could easily lead to fires. Thus, the government tightened the health and fire regulations, which also led to rising running costs. The increasingly unfavorable business environment caused lots of factory owners to sell or rebuild their factories and switch to property business. For example, when Hing Wah Factory was closed down, the factory premises were sold to Sun Hung Kei. Gold Peak also switched to producing higher quality batteries while developing the electronic business at the same time. Golden Power was acquired by Guangzhou Battery Factory, and was kept in Hong Kong to process some parts outsourced from the Guangzhou factory. These products would be labelled as products of Hong Kong so as to enjoy the quotas under the Imperial Preference. Nowadays there were no more large scale battery factories in Hong Kong.
Title | The decline of Hong Kong battery industry after 1970s |
Date | 23/11/2010 |
Subject | Industry |
Duration | 15m14s |
Language | Cantonese |
Material Type | Audio |
Collection | Oral History Archives |
Repository | Hong Kong Memory Project |
Note to Copyright | Copyright owned by Hong Kong Memory Project |
Accession No. | LKF-LLW-SEG-021 |