The archival content of “20th-Century Hong Kong Painted Porcelains — Gangcai” centers on the history of gangcai industry from the 1920s to the 1990s. It illustrates how the sector developed its idiosyncratic style upon the technical foundations of Guangdong painted porcelain, shaped by the unique historical milieu of the era. Primarily destined for export, the evolution of gangcai mirrors the city's distinctive global role, while the utilitarian porcelain produced for domestic consumption offers a precious, ephemeral glimpse into local history. Featured categories of gangcai include: Cross-cultural painted porcelains, New vintage porcelain, Chinoiserie porcelain, Historical export painting porcelain, Armorial porcelain, Governor’s Pattern porcelain, Sinicized Christian style porcelain, ‘‘Marked’’ porcelain, Cross-medium collaborative porcelains, Literati painting and calligraphy porcelain. The compiled records reflect how the motifs and technical execution of gangcai manifested in diverse forms under the shifting currents of social, economic, political, and wartime factors. They chart the undulating trajectories within industrial production structures, institutional cultures, and the lived experiences of the practitioners themselves. In the subsequent chapters, readers will uncover the intricate interactions of time, place, and human agency that guided gangcai from its initial germination and flourishing development to its eventual decline.